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| 001 | 978-3-319-94610-8 | ||
| 003 | DE-He213 | ||
| 005 | 20210511121040.0 | ||
| 007 | cr nn 008mamaa | ||
| 008 | 180713s2018 gw | s |||| 0|eng d | ||
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_a9783319946108 _9978-3-319-94610-8 |
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_a10.1007/978-3-319-94610-8 _2doi |
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| 100 | 1 |
_aParkkinen, Veli-Pekka. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95442 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 |
_aEvaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine _h[electronic resource] : _bPrinciples and Procedures / _cby Veli-Pekka Parkkinen, Christian Wallmann, Michael Wilde, Brendan Clarke, Phyllis Illari, Michael P Kelly, Charles Norell, Federica Russo, Beth Shaw, Jon Williamson. |
| 250 | _a1st ed. 2018. | ||
| 264 | 1 |
_aCham : _bSpringer International Publishing : _bImprint: Springer, _c2018. |
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| 300 |
_aXVIII, 125 p. 14 illus. _bonline resource. |
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| 336 |
_atext _btxt _2rdacontent |
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| 337 |
_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia |
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| 338 |
_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier |
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| 347 |
_atext file _bPDF _2rda |
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| 490 | 1 |
_aSpringerBriefs in Philosophy, _x2211-4548 |
|
| 505 | 0 | _a1 Introduction -- 1.1 What is a mechanism? -- 1.2 Where does evidence of a mechanism come from? -- 1.3 Why consider evidence of mechanisms? -- 1.3.1 Evaluating efficacy -- 1.3.2 Evaluating external validity -- 1.3.3 Other questions -- 1.3.4 Importance of considering evidence of mechanisms -- 2 How to consider evidence of mechanisms: a summary -- 2.1 Questions to address -- 2.2 Quality level of evidence and status of claim -- 2.3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature -- 2.4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms -- 2.5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate causal claims -- 2.6 Overall approach -- 3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature -- 3.1 Hypothesize a mechanism -- 3.2 Search the literature -- 3.3 Identify the evidence most relevant to the mechanism hypothesis -- 3.4 Presenting the evidence of mechanisms -- 4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms -- 4.1 Considerations for evaluating evidence of mechanism -- 4.2 Presenting quality of evidence of mechanisms -- 5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate efficacy and external validity -- 5.1 Efficacy -- 5.2 External validity -- 6 Glossary -- 7 References -- 8 Acknowledgements -- 9 Appendix A. A critical appraisal tool for evidence of mechanisms -- 10 Appendix B. GRADE tables with mechanism assessment -- 11 Appendix C: Databases for evidence of mechanisms -- 12 Appendix D: Assessing exposures -- 12.1 Example: carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene -- 12.2 Comparison to IARC -- 12.3 Molecular epidemiology -- 12.4 Comparison to SYRINA. | |
| 506 | 0 | _aOpen Access | |
| 520 | _aThis book is open access under a CC BY license. This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness. Evidence-based medicine seeks to achieve improved health outcomes by making evidence explicit and by developing explicit methods for evaluating it. To date, evidence-based medicine has largely focused on evidence of association produced by clinical studies. As such, it has tended to overlook evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence of the mechanisms of action of interventions. The book offers a useful guide for all those whose work involves evaluating evidence in the health sciences, including those who need to determine the effectiveness of health interventions and those who need to ascertain the effects of environmental exposures. | ||
| 650 | 0 |
_aMedicine—Philosophy. _94544 |
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| 650 | 0 |
_aEpistemology. _9975 |
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_aPhilosophy of Medicine. _0https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/E34030 _94545 |
| 650 | 2 | 4 |
_aEpistemology. _0https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/E13000 _9975 |
| 700 | 1 |
_aWallmann, Christian. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95443 |
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| 700 | 1 |
_aWilde, Michael. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95444 |
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| 700 | 1 |
_aClarke, Brendan. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95445 |
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| 700 | 1 |
_aIllari, Phyllis. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95446 |
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| 700 | 1 |
_aKelly, Michael P. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95447 |
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| 700 | 1 |
_aNorell, Charles. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95448 |
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| 700 | 1 |
_aRusso, Federica. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95449 |
|
| 700 | 1 |
_aShaw, Beth. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95450 |
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| 700 | 1 |
_aWilliamson, Jon. _eauthor. _4aut _4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut _95451 |
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| 710 | 2 |
_aSpringerLink (Online service) _9141 |
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| 776 | 0 | 8 |
_iPrinted edition: _z9783319946092 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 |
_iPrinted edition: _z9783319946115 |
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_aSpringerBriefs in Philosophy, _x2211-4548 _95441 |
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| 856 | 4 | 0 | _uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94610-8 |
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_cEBK _w1 _xAdministrator Library _y1 _z Administrator Library |
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_c1106 _d1106 |
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| 773 | _tSpringer Nature Open Access eBook | ||